22    Discussion on road cross section

22.1  Traffic flows

The Route Selection Report reviewed the Yellow and Blue options with alternative cross sections (wide single carriageway and dual carriageway) for the section east of Macroom so that the cost and economic benefits could be compared.  The chosen cross-sections for the preferred route corridor are as follows;

Node 1 to 5a

West of Macroom

Standard Single Carriageway

Node 5a to 7a

Macroom Bypass

Wide Single Carriageway

Node 7a to 16

East of Macroom

Wide Single Carriageway

On all sections of the route, the minimum cross-section has been used but the traffic flows, for most sections, exceed the capacity defined for level of service D for rural routes.  The traffic in the design year, 2024, is detailed in Figure 22.1.  The cross sections proposed are preliminary and will be reviewed as the design progresses.

Limiting capacities for rural and commuter roads are given in Table 4.3 of the NRA Road Needs Study July 1998 (RNS).  This document also recommends, in section 4.9, that where dual carriageway is indicated and where traffic projection at saturation is at 18,000AADT or less, extended traffic surveys be undertaken to validate or amend the design traffic figures, as a basis for determining the final road type selection.  This situation applies to the section of the route between Macroom and Ballincollig.

Further traffic assessment has been undertaken as part of the route selection process and the maximum threshold for a wide single carriageway is only marginally exceeded for this section when classed as a rural route.  At this stage, it is proposed to progress the scheme with the section between Macroom and Ballincollig being a wide single carriageway.  It is proposed that this route would be a ‘protected road’ with limited access.

Further traffic assessment will be undertaken to review the growth and distribution of traffic throughout the period of one year.  When funding is made available, and construction is confirmed, the design year can be defined with more certainty and a new assessment will be undertaken to confirm or reject the selected cross-sections.

The further assessments will need to establish whether traffic flows using the route are rural, commuter or tourist.  Other factors that affect the capacity of the road are percentage of heavy good vehicles, the gradients of the route, overtaking values and junction spacing.

22.2  Alternative cross-sections

The NRA are currently investigating alternative road cross sections to cater for traffic with flows that require a cross section between wide single carriageway and dual carriageway.  As well as assessment of capacities, safety is another important consideration.  Also, if it is found that traffic volumes exceeding the threshold for wide single capacity fail to provide a satisfactory level of service between Macroom and Ballincollig, then an alternative cross-section may be considered.  One such possibility is a 3-lane carriageway with overtaking sections alternating between opposing traffic flows.  It is envisioned that the opposing traffic would be divided by a safety barrier to mitigate against this type of road’s questionable safety record.  This 3-lane option has been used in Sweden but is not a standard cross-section in the NRA DMRB.

22.3  Initial cost, cost/benefit analysis and Net present value

Between Macroom and Ballincollig, the initial cost of the scheme is less for wide single cross section than dual carriageway cross-section.  However, due to the additional speed/time benefits of dual carriageway, the economic analysis of the scheme (see Chapter 19), indicates that the cost/benefit ratio and net present value (NPV) would favour dual carriageway over wide single carriageway.  These benefits include:  dual carriageway would equate to level of service C whereas the wide single carriageway would have level of service D or E (given rural classification), leading to greater delay to drivers.  Dual carriageway also offers additional safety benefits.

22.4  Phased construction

Reference is made in the Route Selection Report to 3 phases of construction:

Ballyvourney to Macroom

Macroom Bypass

Macroom to Ballincollig

Further investigation of the economics will be carried out to find the most effective way to Phase the works.  The phasing may also affect the cross-section as the design year is revised.

 

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