APPENDIX 5 Cultural Heritage

A5.1 Documents consulted as part of Route Selection Cultural Heritage Studies

	Document Sources
1	Record of Monuments & Places and Sites and Monuments Record for County Cork
2	The Register of Historic Monuments
3	Archaeological Inventory of County Cork Vol III 3 – Mid Cork
4	Duchas – The Heritage Service Database of Sites and Monuments
5	Topographical files of the National Museum of Ireland
6	Cartographic and written sources relating to Muskerry
7	Aerial photographs of the study area (analysed for potential features not recorded elsewhere)
8	Low altitude aerial survey (to identify potential new sites and confirm the position of existing recorded monuments.
9	Cork County Development Plan

A5.2 Organisations/Individuals consulted as part of Route Selection Cultural Heritage Studies

	Consultations
1	Heritage Policy and Legislation Division, Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands (DAHGI)
2	The National Monuments and Historic Properties Section, Dúchas – The Heritage Service, DAHGI
3	The Irish Antiquities Division of the National Museum of Ireland
4	Cork County Council Planning Division
5	Cork County Archaeologist
6	Cork County Library
7	Cork County Heritage Officer
8	The Project Archaeologist for the National Roads Authority
9	Members of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society
10	Local Historians of Ballyvourney, Ballincollig & Macroom
11	Public Consultations at Ballyvourney, Ballincollig & Macroom

A5.3 Archaeological and Historical Background

Prehistoric Period

The earliest evidence of prehistoric activity in Ireland comes from the Mesolithic period (c.6000-4000BC). This is usually confined to scatters of worked flint material. Although some flints have been found in disturbed coastal (Guileen & Dunpower Head) and riverine (Blackwater valley) deposits in county Cork, the earliest evidence of activity within the study area dates to the Late Neolithic period (c. 3000BC-2500BC).

The Neolithic is characterised by the classic megalithic tombs, highly visible in the landscape. The absence of these tombs is therefore normally associated with the absence of Neolithic occupation. However there were numerous Neolithic communities in Europe that did not build Megalithic tombs and it has been suggested that parts of Munster were associated with this non-monumental flat burial rite. However the archaeological evidence to date seems to suggest that County Cork remained uninhabited until the Late Neolithic period.

With some exceptions, all the megalithic tombs of County Cork are of a non-classic type not associated with the Early Neolithic. These burials monuments known as wedge tombs belong to the Early Bronze Age, (2500-1500BC), and have been associated with some Late Neolithic areas. They consist of a long, narrow burial chamber, which usually decreases in height and width from the front to the rear, which consistently faces in a southwesterly direction. The roof consists of slabs laid across upright stones, which form side walls. There are no recorded examples existing within the proposed study corridors, although there are numerous examples within the surrounding area.

The majority of upstanding prehistoric monuments within the study corridors belong to the Bronze Age. Rock art, dated to the transitional phase of the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age because of its frequent association with monuments of this period, is a style of carving hammered onto stone with a hard stone point. The commonest motif is the cup mark, sometimes enclosed by one or more rings. There are two recorded examples existing outside the study area but within the general landscape in the townlands of Clearagh (CO083-042) and Rooves More (CO072-146).

Early Bronze Age cists, small stone boxes set into the ground, containing both cremated and inhumated remains, are also indicative of a strong Bronze Age culture in the study area. These burials often contained pottery vessels or urns. Although cist burials feature outside of the study area, most notably at Bealick where excavation in 1912 revealed a female burial with food vessel and encrusted urn (CO071-01802) none have been located within the study corridors.

The general lack of evidence for the Irish Iron age (c. 500BC-500AD) means that it is presently not viable to reconstruct a lucid picture of the period.

Early Medieval Period

The Early Medieval period is depicted in the surviving sources as entirely rural characterised by the basic territorial unit known as túath. Byrne (1973) estimates that there were probably at least one hundred and fifty kings in Ireland at any given time during this period, each ruling over his own túath. In Munster the Eóganachta formed the ruling dynasties until the middle of the 10^th century. These kings were distributed strategically throughout the region and ruled over many tribal units including the Muscraige Mittine. It was this tribe that inhabited the ancient kingdom containing the study area. Special rights and privileges were granted to them by members of the ruling Eóganachta dynasties and in turn their leader would have been an overlord to smaller territorial units, known as aithechthuatha, within this kingdom. However Byrne does recognise that “early sources for Munster history are meagre. Until the Annals of Inisfallen assume a local character in the 10^th century, we are dependent on those scraps of information concerning Munster which the Northern annalists thought worth preserving” (Byrne, 1973, 174).

Anglo-Norman and Medieval Period

The study area lies within the kingdom of Desmond, that of the MacCarthy’s, which was a political reality in the 12^th century. The beginnings of Anglo-Norman influence in Cork can be traced to the submission of Diarmait Mac Carthaig, king of Desmond, to Henry II at Waterford in 1171. Giraldus Cambrensis (Scott, A.B., 1978) relates that Mac Carthaig came to King Henry and ‘…was drawn forthwith into a firm alliance with Henry by the bond of homage, the oath of fealty, and the giving of hostages; an annual tribute was assessed on his kingdom and he voluntarily submitted to the authority of the king of England’. He more than likely did this because he believed that Henry would act as his protector against the aggression of the English Barons and the pressure from the expanding colony. Under the treaty of Windsor, signed in 1175 by Henry II and Ard Rí Ruaidri Ua Conchobair, Dublin, Meath, Leinster and Waterford as far west as Dungarvan were defined as the region of Anglo-Norman influence. However despite the provisions of this treaty, that the rest of Ireland would be subject to Ua Concobhair, there was continued and intensified Anglo-Norman pressure on the territory of Desmond. Following this at the council of Oxford in 1177, Henry II made speculative grants of land in the kingdom of Cork to Milo de Cogan and Robert Fitzstephen.

The main success of the Anglo-Norman settlement was the welding of scattered territories into a cohesive unit through the introduction of the English form of shire government. The rural landscape became a network of manorial centres; these units would generally contain a castle, a manorial house and a number of dwellings, with extensive surrounding acreage.

During this period, a medieval settlement was more than likely established in Macroom with the erection of a castle (CO071-049, outside the study corridors) by the Carew family. This subsequently became the property of the McCarthy’s. According to Smith (1750) “the town takes its name from an old crooked tree which grew to an enormous size and stood there a long time, and under the branches of which travellers used to rest themselves”.

Monasticism continued to flourish in the medieval period but taking a new form and organisation as several major Continental monastic orders were introduced during the 12^th century. Ballyvourney, which saw its first settlement in the early medieval period with the arrival of St. Gobnet, and the foundation of a nunnery, contains the ruins of a 12^th century Romanesque church (CO058-034/07) which according to tradition stands on the site of St. Gobnet’s convent. Located in the south wall of this church is a medieval stone carving of a naked female figure known as a Sheela-na-gig (CO058-034/08). During the medieval period Ballyvourney developed as a small rural village and is now recognised as a place of pilgrimage.

Post-Medieval Period

During the dissolution of the monasteries Kilcrea remained inhabited by the friars, under the patronage of the MacCarthy’s. In 1650 the friary was occupied by Cromwellian troops. In 1661, under the reign of Charles II, it came into the ownership of Donagh, first lord Clancarty, and remained in his family until the end of the 17^th century.

Previous Fieldwork in the Study Area

No previous archaeological investigations have been undertaken within the study corridors, however, excavation of a cist burial in Bealick (CO071-01802), adjacent to the Red route, was carried out in 1912.

A5.4 Assessment of Routes

Locations of Sites are shown on Fig. 5.1. Note: All Cultural Heritage sites adjacent to the route options are shown in Volume 2 of this report.

(Shaded sites/monuments may be impacted by side roads realignment/ underbridges/overbridges. Whilst they may also receive an adverse impact from the main carriageway, the primary cause of adverse impact would be from roads leading to the proposed national road)

Green Route

G01 (Nodes 1-2)

Moderate Adverse Impact

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP7		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential

G/02 (Nodes 2-3)

Moderate Adverse Impact

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP7	Ballvyvourney	Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential

G/03 (Nodes 3-4)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	8m	Cashel	AH008	Ballymakeery
Moderate	Recorded Monument	Direct	Ringfort	AH005	Ballymakeery
Moderate	Recorded Monument	Direct	Holy Well	AH007	Ballymakeery
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP 5		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP 7		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP 8		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Aerial Survey	44m	Irregular feature	AS026	Ballymakeery

G/04 & G/04a (Nodes 4-6)

Major Adverse Impact

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	35m	Burial ground	AH 020	Kilgobnet
Major	Recorded Monument	35m	Ecclesiastical enclosure	AH 022	Kilgobnet
Major	Aerial Survey	Direct	Enclosure	AS018	Gortnalicky
Major	Aerial Survey	Direct	Linear Feature	AS 041	Ballymakeery
Moderate	Recorded Monument	29m	Ballaun Stone	AH024	Kilgobnet
Moderate	Recorded Monument	22m	Multiple Stone Circle	AH030	Kilboultragh
Moderate	Recorded Monument	20m	Ringfort	AH032	Ballyveerane	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Recorded Monument	32m	Lime Kiln	AH033	Ballyveerane	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Built Heritage	Direct	Lime Kiln	BH006	Killboultragh	May be affected by side road works.
Minor	Recorded Monument	63m	Ballaun Stone	AH023	Kilgobnet
Minor	Built Heritage	120m	Bridgemount House	BH004	Caherkeegane	Land take from house environs
Minor	Built Heritage	57m	Mill Ruins	BH005	Garranenagappul
Minor	Aerial Survey	78m	Possible Enclosure	AS019	Ardnacrushy
Minor	Aerial Survey	85m	Tree Ring	AS003	Garranenagappul

G/05 (Nodes 6-9)

Moderate Adverse Impact

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP10		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	Recorded Monument	38m	Non-antiquity	AH037	Coolkisha	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Recorded Monument	30m	Non-antiquity	AH038	Coolkisha	May be affected by side road works.
Minor	Built Heritage	135m	Country House	BH077	Shanakill

G/06 (Nodes 9-14)

Major adverse impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	60m	Ecclesiastical enclosure	NIS058	Ballineadig
Major	Aerial Survey	Direct	Circular feature	AS011	Ballineadig
Major	Private Consultation	Unknown	Battleground	LH012	Rockgrove/ Carrigathou/ Sheavagha	Reputed to contain burials, although exact location unknown Also minor impact from main carriageway
Moderate	Recorded Monument	20m	Tower House (visual amenity)	AH 053	Aghavrin
Moderate	CDP (Built Heritage)	Direct	Clashanure House	CDP076	Clashanure	Land take of 207m of estate impacted Impact on setting. (CDP no. = 411)
Moderate	Built Heritage	15m	Dereen House	BH009	Derreen
Moderate	Built Heritage	140m	Springville House	BH012	Ballineadig	Land take of 110m
Moderate	Built Heritage	40m	Springmount	BH087	Castleinch	House would lose 80m of grounds
Moderate	Built Heritage	40m	Forge site	BH079	Rockgrove	May be affected by side road works. Minor impact from main carriageway
Moderate	Aerial Survey	16m	Irregular feature	AS010
Moderate	Aerial Survey	25m	Sub-circular feature	AS043	Fergus
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP11		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP16		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Recorded Monument	50m	Fulacht fiadh	AH056	Derreen
Minor	Recorded Monument	57m	Fulacht fiadh	AH050	Carrigathou

G/07 (Nodes 14-16)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	Direct	Ovens Caves	AH 063	Ovens
Major	Recorded Monument	25m	Graveyard	AH 064	Carrigane
Moderate	Recorded Monument	60m	St. Mary’s Church	AH 065	Carrigane
Moderate	Built Heritage	42m	Ovens House	BH001	Curraghbeg	Separate 182m of estate from the house
Moderate	Built Heritage		Ovens Settlement	BH017		Impact on setting and visual amenity
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP18		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Built Heritage	188m	Country House	BH020	Carrigane	Approx 20m of estate impacted
Minor	Built Heritage	25m	Forge	BH083	Athnowen
Minor	Private Consultation		Crop Mark	LH015	Knockanemore
Minor	Private Consultation		Crop Mark	LH016	Knockanemore

Yellow Route

Y/01 (Nodes 1-2).

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	0m	Holy Well	AH001	Slieveragh	Affected Slip Road
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP7		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential

Y/02 (Nodes 2-3)

Moderate Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP7		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential

Y/03 (Nodes 3-3a)

Major Adverse Impact.,

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	Direct	Ringfort	AH162	Ballymakeery
Major	Recorded Monument	Direct	Souterrain	AH163	Ballymakeery
Major	Recorded Monument	Direct	Ringfort	AH165	Ballymakeery
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP7		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP8		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	Private consultation	Direct	Butter Road	LH005	Killeen
Minor	Recorded Monument	45m	Bullaun Stone	AH164	Ballymakeery	May be affected by side road works.
Minor	Aerial Survey	70m	Sub-circular feature	AS 025	Cappagh East	Impact on Setting

Y/04 (Nodes 3a-5)

Major Adverse Impact.,

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	Direct	Possible Burial Ground	AH195	Coolavokig
Moderate	Recorded Monument	35m	Standing Stone	AH172	Coolavokig	Impact on setting & significant impact on sub-surface remains May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Recorded Monument	26m	Standing Stone	AH174	Inchinlinane	Impact on setting & significant impact on sub-surface remains
Moderate	Built Heritage	255m	Carrigaphooca House	CDP045	Carrigaphooca	Land take of 7m from the estate May be affected by side road works. (CDP No = F369)
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP6		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP9
Minor	Aerial Survey	85m	Possible Enclosure	AS027	Lissacresig	Impact on Setting
Minor	Aerial Survey	55m	Crop mark	AS048	Inchinalinane	Impact on Setting

Y/05 &Y/05a (Nodes 5-6)

Moderate Adverse Impact.,

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Recorded Monument	34m	Fulacht fiadh	AH117	Codrum	Impact on setting & significant impact on sub-surface remains
Moderate	Recorded Monument	146m	Mount Massey	AH031	Kilnagurteen	Impact on setting

Y/06 (Nodes 6-7)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	CDP (Built Heritage)	92m	Coolyhane House	CDP022	Coolyhane	Separate 170m of estate grounds from house (CDP no. = F380) May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Aerial Survey	10m	Semi-Circular field boundary	AS007	Coolyhane
Moderate	Aerial Survey	10m	Semi-Circular field boundary	AS008	Coolyhane
Minor	Recorded Monument	38m	Standing Stone	AH076	Coolyhane	May be affected by side road works.

Y/06a (Nodes 7-7a)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	Direct	Upstanding Corn Mill	AH082	Bealick
Major	Recorded Monument	10m	Souterrain	AH080	Bealick
Moderate	Recorded Monument	33m	Stone Alignment	AH079	Bealick	Impact on setting & significant impact on sub-surface remains
Moderate	CDP (Built Heritage)	10m	New Bridge	CDP025	Sleveen East	(CDP no. = F389)
Moderate	Built Heritage	20m	Laney Bridge	CDP024	Bealick	(CDP no. = F381)
Moderate	Built Heritage	10m	Firville House Gate Lodge	BH023	Bealick
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP13		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Built Heritage	75m	Dwelling	BH026	Sullane	Impact on setting

Y/07 (Nodes 7a-8)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	4m	Fulacht fiadh	AH179	Tooms East
Moderate	Recorded Monument	45m	Standing Stone	AH180	Dunisky	Associated with AH181 – visual amenity affected
Moderate	Built Heritage	26m	Country House	BH088	Coolcour
Moderate	Built Heritage	10m	Toll Gate	BH049	Inchinashingane
Moderate	Built Heritage	26m	Country House	BH088	Coolcour	Estate directly impacted. Road 280m from house, but 26m from gatehouse
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP3		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Recorded Monument	350m	Standing Stone	AH181	Dunisky	Associated with AH180 – visual amenity affected

Y/08 (Nodes 8-11)

Moderate Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP19		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Recorded Monument	80m	Souterrain	AH184	Carrigdarrey
Minor	Built Heritage	65m	Lissardagh Country House	BH053	Lissardagh	Impact on setting
Minor	Built Heritage	86m	Crookstown Country House	BH036	Crookstown	Impact on setting May be affected by side road works.
Minor	Aerial Survey	55m	Fulacht fiadh	AS034	Clodah	Impact setting

Y/09 (Nodes 11-12)

Moderate Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Built Heritage	10m	Milestone	BH058	Farnanes	Non-listed site
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP20		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Recorded Monument	210m	Rye Court	AH188	Rye Court	May be impact on the estate
Minor	Built Heritage	40m	Farnanes Country House	BH056	Farnanes	Affect visual amenity
Minor	Built Heritage	65m	Glenville Country House	BH057	Farnanes	Affect visual amenity
Minor	Built Heritage	20m	Milestone	BH061	Knockshanawee
Minor	Built Heritage	65m	Garda Station	BH059	Farnanes	Affect visual amenity
Minor	Aerial Survey	50m	Crop mark	AS053	Farranvarra	Impact on setting

Y/10 (Nodes 12-15)

Moderate Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP18		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Built Heritage	116m	Country House	BH018	Knockanemore	14m of land-take from estate

Y/11 (Nodes 15-16)

Moderate Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Recorded Monument	60m	St Mary’s Church	AH065	Carrigane	Separates from rectory house – impact on setting and sub-surface remains
Moderate	Recorded Monument	60m	St Mary’s graveyard	AH064	Carrigane	Separates from rectory house – impact on setting and sub-surface remains
Moderate	Built Heritage	82m	Rectory	BH020	Carrigane	Separated from Church & graveyard – impact on setting and visual amenity. 150m of estate impacted
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP18		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Built Heritage	30m	Forge	BH083	Athnowen

Red Route

R/01 (Nodes 7-7b)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	Direct	Bealick Corn Mill	AH082	Bealick
Major	Built Heritage (CDP)	Direct	Laney Bridge	CDP024		CDP no. = F381
Moderate	Recorded Monument	10m	Souterrain	AH080	Bealick
Moderate	Recorded Monument	42m	Stone alignment	AH079	Bealick	Impact on setting
Moderate	Built Heritage	Direct	Firville House gate lodge	BH023	Bealick	Direct impact on building & require 9m from house grounds
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP13		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Recorded Monument	75m	Dwelling	BH026	Sullane

R/02 (Nodes 7b-13)

Major Adverse Impact

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	Direct	Ringfort	AH084	Ummera
Major	Recorded Monument	Direct	Fulacht fiadh	AH124	Coolacareen
Major	Recorded Monument	35m	Burial Ground	AH142	Mahallagh	(possibly the same site as AH142)
Major	Recorded Monument	35m	Burial Ground	AH143	Mahallagh	(possibly the same site as AH143)
Major	Recorded Monument	5m (17m)	Fulacht fiadh	AH196	Killinadrish	Related to AH137 & 136 Also moderate impact from main carriageway
Moderate	Recorded Monument	50m	Standing Stone	AH144	Mahallagh
Moderate	Recorded Monument	48m	Fulacht fiadh	AH136	Killinadrish	Related to AH137 & 196
Moderate	Recorded Monument	20m	Fulacht fiadh	AH137	Killinadrish	Related to AH136 & 196 Also moderate impact from Slip Road
Moderate	Recorded Monument	14m	Fulacht fiadh	AH134	Killinadrish	Also minor impact from slip road
Moderate	Recorded Monument	45m	Fulacht fiadh	AH135	Killinadrish	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Recorded Monument	60m	Burial Ground	AH139	Killinadrish	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Built Heritage	Direct	School	BH028	Bawnatemple	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Built Heritage	Direct	Church	BH029	Bawnatemple	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP14		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP15		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP17		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Recorded Monument	72m	Souterrain	AH138	Killinadrish	May be affected by side road works.
Minor	Recorded Monument	160m	Ringfort	AH140	Killinadrish	May be affected by side road works.
Minor	Aerial Survey	50m	Platform	AS051	Ummera
Minor	Aerial Survey	30m	Soil discolouration	AS052	Coolnasoon

R/03 (Nodes 13-14)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	23m	Ecclesiastical enclosure	AH147	Aglish
Major	Aerial Survey	Direct	Linear feature	AS041	Kilboultragh
Moderate	Recorded Monument	100m	Church	AH148	Aglish	Impact on setting
Moderate	Recorded Monument	100m	Graveyard	AH149	Aglish	Impact on setting
Moderate	Recorded Monument	40m	Fulacht fiadh	AH151	Aglish
Moderate	Recorded Monument	40m	Fulacht fiadh	AH152	Aglish
Moderate	Recorded Monument	30m	Fulacht fiadh	AH154	Ballineadig
Moderate	Recorded Monument	90m	Ringfort	AH194	Ballineadig	Impact on setting of 3 aligned ringforts
Moderate	Recorded Monument	90m	Souterrain	AH158	Ballineadig
Moderate	Recorded Monument	125m	Ringfort	AH159	Ballineadig	Impact on setting of 3 aligned ringforts
Moderate	Recorded Monument	120m	Ringfort	AH160	Ballineadig	Impact on setting of 3 aligned ringforts
Moderate	Recorded Monument	120m	Souterrain	AH161	Ballineadig
Moderate	Area of Potential			AAP1		Impact on Area Archaeological Potential
Minor	Recorded Monument	60	Standing Stone	AH157	Ballineadig	Impact on setting
Minor	Built Heritage	42m	Aglish House	BH031	Aglish	Land take of 80m from the estate May be affected by side road works.
Minor	Built Heritage	50m	Springmount	BH087	Castleinch	80m of estate impacted
Minor	Built Heritage	100m	Country House	BH032	Lackenaregue

Blue Route

B/01 (Nodes 7b-10)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	25m	Souterrain	AH203	Lissardargh	Averse impact on sub-surface deposits
Major	Aerial Survey	Direct	Possible enclosure	AS020	Curragh
Major	Aerial Survey	Direct	Platform	AS050	Ummera	Also moderate impact from Slip Road
Major	Aerial Survey	Direct	Platform	AS051	Ummera
Major	Aerial Survey	Direct	Possible fulacht fiadh	AS049	Ummera
Moderate	Recorded Monument	30m	Fulacht fiadh	AH101	Mashanaglass
Moderate	Recorded Monument	20m	Fulacht fiadh	AH103	Ballytrasna
Moderate	Recorded Monument	35m	Ringfort	AH084	Ummera
Moderate	Recorded Monument	74m	Burial ground	AH105	Crossmahon	Extents of burial ground unknown
Moderate	Recorded Monument	35m	Fulacht Fiadh	AH098	Mashanaglass
Moderate	Recorded Monument	22m	Fulacht Fiadh	AH099	Mashanaglass
Moderate	Aerial Survey	25m	Circular feature	AS009	Ummera	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	AAP			AAP3		Impact on Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Recorded Monument	52m	Well	AH094	Mashanaglass
Minor	Recorded Monument	80m	Tower house	AH095	Mashanaglass
Minor	Recorded Monument	52m	Fulacht fiadh	AH102	Mashanaglass
Minor	Recorded Monument	88m	Souterrain	AH110	Kilcondy	Archaeological material may in corridor
Minor	Recorded Monument	65m	Fulacht Fiadh	AH100	Mashanaglass
Minor	Built Heritage	70m	Country House	BH027	Ummera	Minor adverse impacts to visual amenity Also minor impact from slip road

B/02 (Nodes 10-11)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument	25m	Ringfort	AH111	Kilcondy	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Built Heritage	83m	Country House	BH036	Inchirahilly	Separate 265m estate grounds from house – impact on setting & visual amenity

B/03 (Nodes 11-12a)

Major Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Major	Recorded Monument (ownership of State)	75m	Kilcrea Graveyard	NIS119	Kilcrea	Impact on setting & visual amenity
Major	Recorded Monument	75m	Kilcrea Abbey	NIS120	Kilcrea	Impact on setting & visual amenity
Major	Aerial Survey	Direct	Rectangular feature	AS013	Garryhesty
Moderate	Recorded Monument	50m	Post-medieval ruins	AH121	Kilcrea
Moderate	Recorded Monument	82m	Fulacht fiadh	AH191	Kilcrea
Moderate	Built Heritage	10m	Cross Ahauduff	BH039	Coolmucky	May be affected by side road works.
Moderate	Built Heritage	5m	Church St Joseph	CDP040	Coolmucky	May be affected by side road works. (CDP no. = 522)
Moderate	Built Heritage	50m	Creamery Building	BH043	Coolmucky	Minor adverse impacts to visual amenity Also minor impact from main carriageway
Moderate	AAP			AAP2		Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	AAP			AAP4		Area of Archaeological Potential
Moderate	AAP			AAP20		Area of Archaeological Potential
Minor	Aerial Survey	50m	Crop Mark	AS038	Kilcrea

B/04 (Nodes 12a-15)

Moderate Adverse Impact..

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	AAP			AAP18		Area of Archaeological Potential

Link Routes

L/02 (Nodes 4-5)

Moderate Adverse Impact..

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Recorded Monument	54m	Burial Ground	AH020	Kilgobnet	Impact on associated archaeological material
Moderate	Recorded Monument	52m	Standing Stone	AH069	Gortnalicky	Impact on associated archaeological material
Moderate	Recorded Monument	50m	Ecclesiastical Enclosure	AH022	Kilgobnet
Moderate	Recorded Monument	41m	Bullaun Stone	AH024	Kilgobnet
Minor	Recorded Monument	21m	Standing stone	AH067	Gortnapeasty	Minor impact to environs

L/03 (Nodes 9-13)

Moderate Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type	Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Recorded Monument	25m	Fulacht fiadh	AH211	Cappanagraun	Impact on associated archaeological material Also minor impact from Slip Road
Moderate	AAP			AAP12
Minor	Recorded Monument	78m	Fulacht fiadh	AH205	Knockacroghera	May be affected by side road works.

L/04 (Nodes 8-10)

Moderate Adverse Impact.

Impact	Status	Distance from site	Type		Site No.	Location	Notes
Moderate	Aerial Survey	18m	Circular feature		AS016	Crossmahon	Impact on associated archaeological material
Moderate	AAP			AAP19
Minor	Recorded Monument	75m	Burial Ground		AH105	Crossmahon
Minor	Recorded Monument	105m	Church		AH106	Crossmahon
Minor	Recorded Monument	105m	Country House		AH107	Crossmahon

L/06 (Nodes 12-12a)

No Impact.

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